A Few Results of a Research into
Pluralism- Third Edition
A Few Results of a Research into
Pluralism- Third Edition
Sam Ghandchi
http://www.ghandchi.com/2719-pazhoohesh-e-pluralism-english.htm
چند نتیجه از پژوهشی در مورد پلورالیسم - ویرایش سوم
http://www.ghandchi.com/2719-pazhoohesh-e-pluralism.htm
Related Articles: http://bit.ly/2FprTwP http://bit.ly/2Ft2aUe
*This is the third Persian edition and first English edition at the time of republishing two related articles about monism and pluralism on the IPC site.
"Men that inhere upon nature only, are far from thinking, that there is anything; singular in this world, as they scarce thinke that this world it selfe is singular, but that every Planet, and every Star, is another world like this. They find; reason to conceive not only a pluralitie in every Species in the World, but pluralitie; of Worlds. God, and Nature and Reason concurr against it." By John Donne, quoted from page 49 of Steven J. Dick's book, PLURALITY OF WORLDS (1982)
The autocracy that Islamists forced on Iran
after the 1979 Revolution, and seeing the dictatorship in Vietnam, raised a question for my generation
as to what if we or the currents we support come to power and not to do worse? In
this vein,
Marxist monism was more and more criticized. In 1982, when I returned to the
U.S., I
wrote two treatises entitled "Marxist
Thought & Monism" and "Pluralism in the Western Thought" (1), and
published in English as the subject
matter was beyond Iran, and needed to be discussed internationally. At that
time, a good friend wanted to introduce me to a group of Iranian scholars in
Berkeley and asked what I see as the basic need for research work, to tell them?
I said pluralism!
Although the co-operation of all political forces is a venerable attempt, but philosophically, the
main point of pluralism is not about tolerance for opposing views. In fact, the
debate is not essentially political. The issue is about our understanding of the
truth. Is the truth one or many, and in the first
case, is our awareness of the truth also many? How about the second
case? This was the starting point for more detailed research on pluralism (2).
Now suppose someone comes and says that if a man and a woman shake hands, the woman becomes
pregnant. Should we give such a view as much credibility as the scientific theory
of chromosomes and fertilization in biology, because of the acknowledgment of pluralism! Here is how we
sieve through the multiply, and the philosophical term of
Occam's razor in medieval philosophy
which is named after a philosopher by that name,
seeks this objective when a simpler explanation is preferred to a more complex one.
In a short introduction to Aristotle's Pluralism, it has been tried to go beyond
this example, and the discourse of discovery of truth while acknowledging the plurality
of truth is explained in more details (3).
Further investigation suggests that pluralism cannot be achieved without
secularism, since such lack of secularism already blocks the path to
multiplicity of truth by giving preference to a particular religion or ideology.
For this reason,
the founders of the New World in America, in spite of
supporting religious freedom, laid the foundations for secularism to make
pluralism possible (4) and more than a century before their time,
Descartes based the modern
science, not on any ideology or religion but on a new method (5), and after
Descartes, the same approach to the discourse of pluralism was continued by philosophers
like Leibniz (6) and
Bertrand Russell (7).
Hoping for a democratic and secular
futurist
republic in Iran,
http://www.ghandchi.com/index2.html
June 23, 2019
* The first Persian edition was publish on Jan 7, 2016, and the second Persian edition was published on May 22, 2018. This first English edition is accompanied with the third Persian edition.
Footnotes:
1. Marxist Thought & Monism - Second Edition
http://www.ghandchi.com/2055-MarxismEng.htm
http://iranpoliticsclub.net/philosophy/marxism-monism/index.htm
اندیشه مارکسیستی و مونیسم -یکتاگرائی - ویرایش دوم
http://www.ghandchi.com/2055-Marxism.htm
Pluralism in the Western Thought
http://www.ghandchi.com/301-PluralismEng.htm
http://iranpoliticsclub.net/philosophy/pluralism/index.htm
پلورالیسم در اندیشه غرب - کثرت گرائی
http://www.ghandchi.com/301-Pluralism.htm
2. تأملی فلسفی: خردگرائی و آینده نگری
http://www.ghandchi.com/508-falsafe.htm
3. آینده نگری و پلورالیسم ارسطو
http://www.ghandchi.com/440-Aristotle.htm
Futurism and Aristotle's Pluralism
http://www.ghandchi.com/440-AristotleEng.htm
4. What is Secularism
http://www.ghandchi.com/302-SecularismEng.htm
سکولاریسم چیست؟
http://www.ghandchi.com/302-Secularism.htm
5. Descartes and Laity
http://www.ghandchi.com/397-DescartesEng.htm
دکارت و لائیکات (مردم عادی غیر روحانی یا غیرمتخصص)
http://www.ghandchi.com/397-Descartes.htm
6. Leibniz's Monads and Javadi's CPH
http://www.ghandchi.com/394-MonadsCPHEng.htm
مونادهای لایبنیتس و سی. پی. اچ جوادی
http://www.ghandchi.com/394-MonadsCPH.htm
7. Pluralism and Russell's Logical Atomism
http://www.ghandchi.com/447-RussellPluralismEng.htm
پلورالیسم و اتمیسم منطقی راسل
http://www.ghandchi.com/447-RussellPluralism.htm
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